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Sampling and Bias Review

Table output

Check whether a sample can answer the question.

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Review my sampling plan or existing sample. The population I care about: [POPULATION]. How the sample was or will be collected: [SAMPLING_METHOD]. Sample size and response rate: [SIZE_AND_RESPONSE]. What I want to conclude: [CONCLUSION].

Produce:
1. A table of biases to check: Bias | How it could arise here | Evidence for or against | Effect on the conclusion (direction) | Mitigation. Cover selection bias, non-response bias, survivorship bias, convenience sampling, volunteer bias, undercoverage, recall bias, and measurement bias.
2. A judgment of whether the sample can support my conclusion, stated as: supports, supports for a narrower population, or does not support, with the reasoning.
3. Margin of error for a proportion with the formula 1.96 x sqrt(p(1-p)/n) and my numbers, with the warning that it covers random error only, not bias.
4. Ways to improve: stratified or quota sampling, weighting (with the risks), follow-up of non-responders, a validation sample.
5. How to word the limits of the result in one honest sentence.
6. Questions to ask whoever collected the data.

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• sampling-bias